## Summary

For small object workloads (1 KB objects), Tigris achieves approximately **4x** **the throughput** of AWS S3 for both read and write operations, with significantly lower latency across all metrics.

## Load Phase Results

Loading 10 million 1 KB objects into each system.

| Metric         | Tigris      | AWS S3                     |
|----------------|-------------|----------------------------|
| P50 Latency    | 16.799ms    | 25.743ms<br>(1.53x Tigris) |
| P90 Latency    | 35.871ms    | 37.791ms<br>(1.05x Tigris) |
| Runtime        | 6710.7sec   | 8826.4sec<br>(1.32x Tigris) |
| Throughput     | 1490.2ops/sec | 1133ops/sec<br>(0.76x Tigris) |

Tigris finishes the load in **6711 seconds**, roughly **31% faster than S3 (8826 seconds)**.

_PUT p90 latency during load phase_

## Mixed Workload Results

1 million operations with 80% reads and 20% writes.

### Read Performance

| Metric         | Tigris       | AWS S3                    |
|----------------|--------------|---------------------------|
| P50 Latency    | 5.399ms      | 22.415ms<br>(4.15x Tigris) |
| P90 Latency    | 7.867ms      | 42.047ms<br>(5.34x Tigris) |
| Runtime        | 241.7sec     | 896.8sec<br>(3.71x Tigris) |
| Throughput     | 3309.8ops/sec | 891.5ops/sec<br>(0.27x Tigris) |

Tigris sustains **≈3.3k ops/s**, nearly **4x S3 (≈892 ops/s)** for read operations.

_Read throughput during mixed workload_

_Read p90 latency during mixed workload_

### Write Performance

| Metric         | Tigris       | AWS S3                    |
|----------------|--------------|---------------------------|
| P50 Latency    | 12.855ms     | 26.975ms<br>(2.1x Tigris) |
| P90 Latency    | 16.543ms     | 41.215ms<br>(2.49x Tigris) |
| Runtime        | 241.6sec     | 896.8sec<br>(3.71x Tigris) |
| Throughput     | 828.1ops/sec | 223.6ops/sec<br>(0.27x Tigris) |

Tigris delivers **≈828 ops/s**, close to **4x S3 (224 ops/s)** for write operations.

_Write throughput during mixed workload_

_Write p90 latency during mixed workload_

## Key Takeaways

- **4x faster throughput** for both reads and writes  
- **Sub-10ms read latency** vs S3's 42ms p90  
- **Sub-20ms write latency** vs S3's 41ms p90  
- **31% faster bulk loads** for large datasets